In the Instructional Systems Design (ISD) world, the term ADDIE is understood by all and is the most common design model in the industry. Though the ADDIE model is well known, it is not always utilized properly, either because it is not known how to be properly utilized or because instructional designers have become order takers instead of instructional designers. The table below is a great example of how the ADDIE model is typically utilized compared to how it SHOULD be utilized. The column on the left depicts how it is typically followed and the column on the right is how it is meant to be followed.
So what is the ADDIE model really? According to Roger Chavelier "ADDIE IS A systematic methodology for instructional design that includes five phases: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation." Each phase serves a very distinct purpose, which if any phase is missed or improperly executed, could cause your training to be ineffective. Below you will see a diagram of the ADDIE model and how it flows. Though this is a good representation of the ADDIE model, some designers will argue that it is not entirely accurate. It is not uncommon practice for the evaluation phase to happen at every phase of the ADDIE process to ensure the project is staying on course and fulfilling all requirements. I have explained each phase briefly below and provided links for certain terms if you would like to learn more.
Please NOTE: The ADDIE model is very complex, so the information I am providing you is at a very high level, the links provided will help you expand upon this information, but only if you feel like exploring further.
Please NOTE: The ADDIE model is very complex, so the information I am providing you is at a very high level, the links provided will help you expand upon this information, but only if you feel like exploring further.
Analyze: When performing analysis there are several keys areas you want to pay attention to. They are the needs analysis, audience analysis, content analysis, and technical analysis. In order to ensure you are creating effective training you want to spend adequate time in the analysis phase. Though all phases of the ADDIE model are important, if you don't perform an adequate analysis you can expect that your outcome in the evaluation phase will probably not be very positive. | Design: In the design phase, you want to create your design documents, detailed content outlines, and the choose your instructional strategies. This phase should be performed in conjunction with a group of media designers to ensure the best possible media solutions. An important thing to remember about media is that media choices should be purposeful, if they do not serve an instructional reason or do not support the learning objective, they should not be used. For more information about multimedia design principles click here. | Develop: The development phase is where you start to see your analysis and design come to life. This phase may be handled by a specialized team of designers who actually create your training materials, it is not necessarily done by the instructional designer. This is when the instructional strategies start to take shape, presentations are built, support materials are developed, and you may even perform small group and large group tryouts in order to iron out any technical snags that might occur. This will help to ensure a smooth implementation of your training. | Implement: This phase is as simple as it sounds, you launch the training to the target audience and hope for positive responses from your audience. | Evaluate: After the training has been implemented and your target audience has taken it, you need to evaluate whether or not it was effective. Here are a couple of examples used by ISD professionals to evaluate training effectiveness:
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References
Chevalier, R. D. (2011). When did ADDIE become addie?. Performance Improvement, 50(6), 10-14. doi:10.1002/pfi.20221
Neal, B. (2011). e-ADDIE!. T+D, 65(3), 76-77.
Chevalier, R. D. (2011). When did ADDIE become addie?. Performance Improvement, 50(6), 10-14. doi:10.1002/pfi.20221
Neal, B. (2011). e-ADDIE!. T+D, 65(3), 76-77.